About Corporation

History

     The history of Soyuz Turaevo Engineering Design Bureau JSC began on August 1, 1964 with the foundation of the new design bureau by the Ministry of Aircraft Industry on the basis of experimental design bureau No. 300, headed by Sergei K. Tumanskiy. At that time the new enterprise was called Post Office Box No. 1864 and was housed in the settlement of Turaevo, Moscow region, on the existing production premises.
     The main task of the design bureau was to design and manufacture rocket thrusters, which were later used as a basis of propulsion systems for spacecraft stabilization and correction. By the end of the 1950s the domestic space industry was on the verge of creating guided earth satellites. It was proposed to make the bi-fuel liquid-propellant thrusters that could increase 4-5 times the energy store onboard the satellite. Moreover, such liquid-propellant engines were needed for military cruise missiles.  It took several years to gather a group of promising young specialists, able to solve the task.
     A gifted designer Vladimir G. Stepanov was appointed the first director general. His key objective was to make up the institution, comprising the design bureau, the production and testing facilities, and to manufacture new products, having no counterparts in the world. The stand complex was constructed on the testing area near the settlement of Faustovo to test thrusters and propulsion systems. Hence, Vladimir Stepanov managed to reproduce the whole cycle of product development at one enterprise.
     Within a short period of time the first liquid-propellant rocket thrusters 210A and 210B (the traction of 0.6 kilogram-force and 10 kilogram-force respectively) and missile thrusters were made. R201-300 was intended for the Kh-22 cruise missile, R200-300 – for a target missile.
     Within the framework of the space program the engineering design bureau developed spay portioners for the 5D18 propulsion system, which ensured steady fuel injection from all tanks. During the work on these devices several engineering solutions were found:

  - The efficiency of the spacecraft orientation, stabilization and correction system was notably increased owing to a liquid-propellant thruster;
  - The steady fuel injection was achieved under the conditions of weightlessness owing to modern spherical tanks with metal separating and displacing diaphragms;
   - The minimal shift of the spacecraft center of mass, resulting from fuel consumption, was ensured.

     With the passage of time new models of propulsion systems were added to the production range of Soyuz Engineering Design Bureau . In 1967 the 11D79 unit appeared. It is still used to launch spacecrafts to the other planets of the solar system from an intermediate orbit under the conditions of weightlessness. The DU 100, 101, 98 and 113 units were created for different modules of lunar expedition.
     The staff of the enterprise grew and gained expertise in space engine production. Liquid-propellant thrusters (the traction of 10 kilogram-force) were undated and successfully used to ensure the stability of Luna-16, the first satellite to make a circumlunar flight and land on the Earth in 1970. Moreover, the engines and propulsion systems of the bureau were used to correct and stabilize the automatic vehicles, taking lunar ground samples, and the Bor space plane analog, to deliver Lunokhod automatic vehicle to the Moon, standardize the Almaz orbital manned space station and intercept space targets.
     In the 1970s alongside with the space engine production the enterprise took up one more area of research, i.e. the development of ramjets. The specialists managed to create a solid-fuel engine, having an autonomous frame within the combustion chamber of a ramjet. When the solid-fuel engine stops working, its frame is ejected from the combustion chamber by dynamic pressure.
     The 3D81 engine for the 3M80 “ship-to-ship” missile system (the Moskit) was the first engine of this kind. Its 3D83 updated modification for the 3M82 missile was characterized by a variable two-position supersonic nozzle. Within the framework of the project the 31DPK unique ramjet for the X-31 tactical guided missile was developed.
     At the same time the afterburner with the variable nozzle was made for MiG-25 and MiG-29.
     The liquid-propellant thrusters were further upgraded. The set of thrusters with the traction, ranging form 40 to 45 kilogram-force, were made. The last modification (11D444) still has no match in the world. It is unsurpassable by its traction characteristics and the time of steady work in space, amounting to 100 hours. The thruster within the DU 11D78 complex, developed by Soyuz in 1978, was used to orbit the stationary communication satellites.
     Since 1979 the design bureau started the development of hydrocarbon ramjets for the perspective unmanned hydrogen vehicles within the framework of the Kholod program.
     In the 1980s the enterprise developed the 31DP ramjet, which is still mounted on the unsurpassable “air-to-surface” supersonic missiles, i.e. the Kh-31A anti-ship missile and the Kh-31P anti-radar missile. In October, 1988 the tests of a unique ramjet for the GELA hypersonic experimental flying laboratory (Mach number – 4.5) were successfully completed.
     In 1991 the enterprise embarked on a large-scale project of hypersonic ramjets for manned spacecrafts within the framework of the Orel-2-1 program of the Russian space agency. All units of engine air inlets, combustion chambers and nozzles were thoroughly tested on the stands (Mach number ranged from 3.5 up to 7); the methods of fuel injection were mastered, the configuration of injectors and combustion chambers was improved. The combustion efficiency was determined for various injection patterns, duct configurations and inlet conditions. Combustion delay and self-igniting ranges were defined for various temperatures and inlet Mach numbers.
     During 1991-2001 the political changes caused economic recession in all domestic industries, including the defense industry. The state defense order was drastically reduced, the financing of research stopped. In spite of all the difficulties the enterprise survived and went on with its research work.
     In accordance with the decree of the RF President No. 721 of July 1, 1992 the state unitary enterprise  Soyuz Turaevo Engineering Design Bureau was reorganized into a joint stock company, which was registered by resolution  No. 227-P of March 23, 1994 of the head of Lytkarino administration, Moscow region (the certificate of registration  No. 05-445).
     Within the framework of the re-organization program of the defense industry and in accordance with the decree of the RF President No. 84 of January 24, 2002 and the resolution of the RF Government No. 149 of March 13, 2002 Turaevo Engineering Design Bureau Soyuz was incorporated with Tactical Missiles Corporation JSC.
     At present Soyuz Turaevo Engineering Design Bureau  JSC is one of the leading Russian enterprises, developing engines for space and defense industries. The enterprise facilities ensure a closed cycle of production of aircraft engines and propulsion systems.
     The facilities include a design and technological bureaus, tentative and small-batch production, experimental installations, comprising the laboratory of dynamic and static strength tests and the stands of firing tests. The potential of the design bureau facilitates upgradinng of the existing engines and doing research in the field of hypersonic ramjets.